Madrid travel guide: what to know before you go

Madrid makes sense square by square. Leave room for a terrace, an unexpected slope and a proper break when the sunshine gets strong.

Madrid

At a glance

Country
Spain
Region
Community of Madrid
Language
Spanish. Hello: hola or buenos días. Thank you: gracias.
Currency
Euro (€)
Population
Around 3.5 million people
Sockets
Types C and F, 230 V; bring an adaptor for UK plugs
Emergencies
112
Tap water
Yes. Mains water is drinkable; bring a reusable bottle.
Card payments
Cards are widely used; some cash is useful for small purchases.
Tipping
Tipping is optional; leave something if you want to thank staff for good service, without assuming a fixed percentage.
Driving side
right

When to go

SeasonApproximate temperatureRainDaylightAtmosphere
SpringRoughly 7–24 °C.Rain alternates with dry days.Increasing daylight.Good walks, with changing temperatures.
SummerRoughly 18–35 °C; it can be hotter.Usually little rain.Long days.Strong sunshine and dry heat.
AutumnRoughly 7–25 °C.More likely than in summer.Shortening afternoons.Pleasant at first; layers later.
WinterRoughly 1–12 °C.Occasional rain and pronounced cold.Short days.A coat matters even beneath blue skies.
  • For plenty of walking: spring and autumn usually give you more flexibility than summer heat.
  • May · San Isidro: celebrations and a festive atmosphere; some areas become crowded.
  • August · Neighbourhood fiestas: La Latina and Lavapiés are lively; plan breaks for the heat.
  • December · Christmas: lights and crowded central squares; allow time to get around.

Walking the city

  • Hills: from Sol towards La Latina and Lavapiés you head downhill; the return makes itself felt. The Royal Palace area also overlooks a slope.
  • Underfoot: stone paving, cobbles and some stepped passages. The free route includes the steps around Arco de Cuchilleros; it’s not presented as step-free.
  • Weather: summer is dry and open squares are exposed. In winter, a clear sky doesn’t guarantee warmth.
  • Distances: Sol, Plaza Mayor, the palace and Barrio de las Letras link well on foot. Use the metro for distant areas or tired legs.
  • Crossings: traffic drives on the right; remember to check left as well as right. Wait for signals on main roads and watch cycle lanes.
  • Daily rhythm: lunch and dinner are later than many British visitors expect. Nightlife streets stay busy; a parallel residential street may be much quieter.

Getting there and around

  • Airport: metro, suburban rail from the railway terminal, buses and taxis. Choose for your terminal and final destination.
  • Rail: Atocha and Chamartín connect with metro and suburban trains; not every station opens straight into the old town.
  • In the city: metro for longer jumps, walking for neighbouring squares and streets.
  • Local tip: recognising a station name isn’t enough; check the direction before boarding.

The neighbourhoods

NeighbourhoodWhat it's likeWho it suitsOur routes
Sol and Plaza MayorPedestrian squares with constant activity.A first visit and a useful starting point.From Puerta del Sol to Plaza Mayor Free
Palacio and ÓperaOpen spaces, gardens and western central streets.Monuments and broad views.The Royal Palace and the Opera
La LatinaSlopes, small squares and terraces.Urban history and food breaks.La Latina: From the Medieval Town to the Virgin of La Paloma
Lavapiés and RastroSloping streets, shops and varied local life.Everyday Madrid.The Rastro and Lavapiés: Cigar-Makers, Corralas and Legends
Barrio de las LetrasCompact streets between squares and museums.Literature without long avenues.Barrio de las Letras: Cervantes, Lope and Quevedo
Gran VíaBusy pavements and buildings worth looking up at.Architecture and city bustle.The Gran Vía: From Zarzuela to War
Prado and JerónimosTree-lined walks and major museums.Art and pauses between visits.The Paseo del Prado: from Cibeles to the Retiro
Arenal and DescalzasPassages and squares close to Sol.A less obvious central walk.The Descalzas and San Ginés: Hidden Madrid

What to try

Dish or drinkWhat it is
Cocido madrileñoChickpeas, vegetables and meat, usually served in stages.
Bocadillo de calamaresFried squid rings in a bread roll.
Callos a la madrileñaA rich tripe stew with sausage and sauce.
Gallinejas and entresijosFried lamb offal, for stronger flavours.
Tortilla de patatasSpanish potato omelette, useful for a simple break.
Patatas bravasPotatoes with a sauce whose heat varies.
Churros with chocolateFried dough for dipping in thick hot chocolate.
RosquillasRing-shaped sweet pastries with plain or coated finishes.
TorrijasBread soaked, usually in milk, dipped in egg and cooked.
VermutAromatised wine as an aperitif, best taken slowly with food.
  • Try the tap water too: Madrid’s tastes good and is perfectly drinkable.

What to pack

  • Comfortable soles: a compact centre still adds up, particularly on slopes.
  • Summer: hat, sunscreen and water; keep the bag light.
  • Winter: a coat, scarf and a layer for the colder evening.
  • Spring and autumn: layers and a light waterproof.
  • Reusable bottle: bring one to refill during your walks.
  • Types C and F sockets. Bring an adaptor for a UK plug.
  • Podtour works offline: download what you want to listen to before heading out.

For the trip

Customs and common mistakes

  • Say hello and ask who is next if the order at the bar is unclear.
  • At a table, ask for the bill when you want it; it may not arrive unprompted.
  • A tapa and a ración are different sizes: ask before ordering several dishes.
  • Step aside before taking photographs of buildings.
  • Keep bags and phones under control in crowds and on transport.
  • Keep residential doorways and steps clear when listening.
  • Respect quiet and photography guidance in places of worship.
  • Lower your voice beneath residential windows when leaving busy nightlife streets.

If it rains (or it's very hot)

Itineraries with Podtour

Allow a break between routes. Indoor visits are separate plans from the walk and the audio.

Days Plan

  1. 1 day

    Start with From Puerta del Sol to Plaza Mayor Free. Continue towards La Latina: From the Medieval Town to the Virgin of La Paloma, taking a break before heading farther down into the neighbourhood.

  2. 2 days

    Day 1: as above. Day 2: Barrio de las Letras: Cervantes, Lope and Quevedo and The Paseo del Prado: from Cibeles to the Retiro, neighbouring areas with room for a museum visit.

  3. 3 days

    Days 1 and 2: as above. Day 3: The Royal Palace and the Opera and The Descalzas and San Ginés: Hidden Madrid, linking Ópera and Arenal.

What to see with Podtour

marks places covered by the free route. Outdoor listening doesn’t include admission to interiors.

PlaceWhy goRoute and stop
Puerta del SolA starting point and a sculpture almost everyone wants to find.From Puerta del Sol to Plaza Mayor Free · «The bear that moved house»
Real Casa de CorreosLook up at a clock tied to the square’s daily life.From Puerta del Sol to Plaza Mayor Free · «The clock that gave back the time»
Plaza Mayor and Casa de la PanaderíaTake in the façades as a great public stage.From Puerta del Sol to Plaza Mayor Free · «Five names for one square»
Arco de CuchillerosThe slope tells you something a map can’t.From Puerta del Sol to Plaza Mayor Free · «Eight storeys above a moat»
Plaza de la Villa and Torre de los LujanesA compact square for comparing different periods.La Latina: From the Medieval Town to the Virgin of La Paloma · «A capital without a decree»
Royal Palace, outside, and Plaza de la ArmeríaThe palace’s scale is striking from outside too.The Royal Palace and the Opera · «A palace for eternity»
Plaza de Oriente and Teatro RealAn equestrian statue raises a question about balance.The Royal Palace and the Opera · «The horse that should not have stood up»
Almudena CathedralA cathedral beside the palace with an uneven building story.The Royal Palace and the Opera · «A cathedral that took a hundred and ten years»
La Latina and Cava BajaThe shape of a street preserves a trace of an earlier city.La Latina: From the Medieval Town to the Virgin of La Paloma · «The street that was a moat»
Lavapiés and its corralasListen to the lives of people arriving in the neighbourhood.The Rastro and Lavapiés: Cigar-Makers, Corralas and Legends · «A neighbourhood of newcomers»
Trinitarias ConventA discreet convent linked to a very familiar writer.Barrio de las Letras: Cervantes, Lope and Quevedo · «Where Cervantes is: the Trinitarias»
Ateneo de MadridA façade leading into a story of ideas.Barrio de las Letras: Cervantes, Lope and Quevedo · «The Ateneo: words and torn-down stars»
Plaza de CibelesA fountain linking the monumental city with celebrations.The Paseo del Prado: from Cibeles to the Retiro · «The goddess who changed sides: Cibeles»
Prado Museum, outsideGive the building a look before thinking about its paintings.The Paseo del Prado: from Cibeles to the Retiro · «The museum meant for science: the Velázquez entrance»
Descalzas Reales Monastery, outsideAn enclosed world amid the bustle.The Descalzas and San Ginés: Hidden Madrid · «Governor at eighteen»
Metrópolis building and Calle de AlcaláA monumental corner with a rooftop worth studying.The Gran Vía: From Zarzuela to War · «The phoenix that moved house»

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